Neurosurgery is the medical specialty that deals with the treatment of adults, children, neonates and, in recent years, fetuses, with diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, such as hydrocephalus, tumors, vascular and degenerative diseases, head trauma. encephalic and spinal cord injuries subject to surgical approach, as well as neurosurgical treatment of epilepsy, pain, movement disorders (such as Parkinson's disease, dystonias, Tourette's syndrome, among others) and some psyche disorders (psychosurgery). Recently, it has also started to deal with the replacement of dysfunctional sensory organs (eye and inner ear) with artificial devices.