Hello all,

Today we are releasing the Open Beta for version 1.3. It is available to anyone who would like to opt in and help us test.

As with every Beta, your feedback matters a great deal to us. Please share it in the dedicated 1.3 Beta Subforum here:

https://v1.steam.hlxgame.cc/app/3450310/discussions/4/

For bugs and crashes, please use the in-game bug reporter. This lets us track and resolve issues as efficiently as possible.

How to opt into the Open Beta:

1. Find Europa Universalis V in your Steam library and right click on it

2. Select Properties from the drop-down menu

3. Click on Game Versions & Betas

4. Scroll down to version 1.3.0 Open Beta

5. Close EU5 if it is open and wait for the Beta to install

Thank you for taking the time to play version 1.3 with us. We look forward to your reports.

Checksum: 5ad0

Date: June 04, 2026

• Added 10 generic bureaucracies for the 1600-1836 era.

• Added Advances to Travunja, finished Advances of Sicily.

• Added a new Legal Code Law policy (Carta de Logu) for Sardinian culture.

• Added Advances for Maltese, Sardinian and Slovak cultures and for SLO tag.

• Added 17 new Government Reforms locked behind Societal Values.

• Added Advances for Corsican culture, COR Tag and Rhaetian Culture Group.

• Added Romagnol culture and dialect.

• Added advances for Emilian, Piedmontese and Romagnol Cultures.

• Added Advances for Bologna, Ferrara, Modena and Parma.

• Added 2 new government reforms for Sinicized and Unsinicized values.

• Added 14 Events about the Scaliger War.

• Added Scaliger War to the Setup.

• Added 10 DHEs for Pisa.

• Added 15 DHEs for Montferrat.

• Added 2 Yuan era Bureaucracies to China in 1337, and added 2 Ming era Bureaucracies to change them to.

• Added Advances for Lombard and Venetian cultures and for VER.

• Added 5 generic early-game town rights.

• Added 10 DHEs for Lucca.

• Added advances for Median, Venetian and Vivaro-Alpine cultures. Also a few extra for PAP or repurposed many for PAP, VEN or VER.

• Added 10 DHEs for Siena.

• Added advances for Tuscan culture. Also a few extra for FLO, PIS; SIE and TUS or repurposed many for FLO and TUS.

• Added advances for Ligurian culture. Also a few extra for GEN or repurposed many for GEN.

• Added the new "Twilight of the Tsardom" disaster for Bulgaria.

• Added advances for AQU, LUC, MAN, MFA, MOD, PAD, PAR, PCZ, PEA, PIE, RAV, SAL, SAR, SPL and URB.

• Added "Mōs Maiōrum", a new reform that pushes towards Latinitas.

• Added Occitania formable.

• Added a new Military Law Policy "Reformed Tágmata" for Byzantium, unlocked by completing the Fate of the Phoenix Disaster victoriously via the new DHE event "The Reformed Tágmata" (d008_flavor_byz.5).

• Added a "Bulgarian Tsardom" government reform and adjusted the Bulgarian content assets and setup to work with the "Twilight of the Tsardom" new Bulgarian disaster.

• Added the "Wojewodztwo", "Voievodate", and "Vojvodstvo" advances, giving Polish, Carpathian, and South Slavic countries access to the "Voivode" government reform.

• Added 10 new unique Building-based State and Family Banks: the Aragonese Taula de Canvi,  the Berenberg family bank,  the Bank of Hamburg,  the Grimaldi,  Spinola and Pallavicino Genoese banking families,  the Portugues Mendes family,  and the Venetian Banco del Giro. In parallel,  the English Bank of England,  the Dutch Wisselbank and the Swedish Riksbank are now developed upon the new mechanism for Central Banks.

• Added throne rooms for Guelphs and Ghibellines IOs

• Added new loading screen, about Renaissance Florentine Academia

• Players can now permanently designate any owned location as its province capital via a new button in the location window.

• Split Cabinet automation into Members and Actions toggles.

• The court artist system has been fully reworked: artists are now tracked as typed individuals with passive modifiers that apply while at court (painters boost prestige income, architects reduce construction costs, etc.)

• Added Auto-Expand Buildings automation system.

• Added Automated Diplomacy system with capacity reserve slider and action flag checkboxes.

• Added "Unique" tab showing country-specific advances.

• Added new functionality to the Auto-Expand RGO. It automatically constructs the next tier of a producing building each month when conditions are met.

• Added a bug reporter that can be used to report issues from the game to the Paradox Forums.

• Increased crown estate cabinet member preference.

• Closed loophole allowing 2 heads of cabinet.

• Societal value cabinet actions no longer cancelled on reaching max.

• Added base Estate Power modifiers allowing government reforms and privileges to structurally reshape the political balance between Estates at its foundation, with an initial application to the Peasant Republic reform.

• Estate Culture & Religion: Estates now have their own culture and religion, inherited from the pops with the most political weight inside them. An estate aligned with your primary/accepted culture and your state religion gains satisfaction and power; one stuck on a discriminated culture or a heretic/heathen religion loses both. Watch the new alerts — a powerful estate with the wrong culture or religion now actively works against you.

• Our Estates' opinions on other countries are now based on their own Culture and Religion instead of our Country.

• Estates have a malus to Satisfaction if they are not Primary Culture or Primary Religion. It gets worse the more discriminated they are.

• Estates have a Parliament Agenda to change Primary Religion to their own.

• Estates have a Parliament Agenda to change Court Language to one they prefer.

• The Union of Crowns succession law no longer checks for the whole extended family (so no more random cousins become king of either country). Additionally, female characters are now allowed for Hungary.

• Added estate satisfaction and legislative efficiency penalties to low republican tradition.

• Low devotion in devotion-based governments now reduces monthly religious influence by up to -0.1, mirroring the existing high-devotion bonus and making slipping devotion a genuine cost to your religious standing.

• Halved abdicate prestige cost, double legitimacy cost.

• Rebalance complacency drivers: halve passive gain from idle rival slots, double the swing from average control.

• Rebalance corrupt and schemer cabinet trait magnitudes.

• Selling a fiefdom no longer keeps your own ruler.

• Fixed promoting to head of cabinet not showing the skill increase immediately.

• Stopped union heirs moving countries when they are ruling somewhere else.

• Fixed unions with unified succession law not updating other countries' succession laws when the senior partner changes theirs.

• Fixed obscure case of a ruler switching countries when in a union with seniority but the less senior country was the first one they ruled.

• Fixed Settle the Frontier not recognising provinces bordering unowned territory as borders.

• Support Heir cost no longer persists after election.

• Fixed case where a ruler can remain in a country after being replaced despite also ruling somewhere else.

• Societal values cabinet action will stop if they reach max.

• Closed loophole allowing consorts to be cabinet members if they become consort after already being in the cabinet.

• Stopped countries from staying army-based after winning a nationalist/patriots revolt that had engulfed all their territory — the type-restore that added for civil wars now also fires when the revolt-war attacker is annexed (by the original or a third party) and when AutomaticWhitePeaces force-resolves a collapsed revolt war.

• Fixed exploit with having subjects to allow multiple naval governiors.

• Building Upkeep now gradually increases as the years pass, starting unchanged but climbing steadily, about 50% higher after a century and several times higher by the late game. This makes maintaining a large number of buildings an increasing economic burden the longer your campaign runs.

• Allowed laborers to promote to soldiers and burghers.

• AI trade management now reduces capacity on inefficient trades instead of immediately cancelling them if they are unprofitable. This lets the AI keep useful routes alive when a trade is unprofitable but still has goods left to transport even it it could not transport the full desired amount, making trade behavior less abrupt and less chaotic.

• Made stockpiles now add trade supply gradually instead of switching on all at once. The extra supply starts ramping up once a market stockpile is above 50% capacity, reaches full effect at 75%, while at the same time fades out smoothly when stockpile decreases. This reduces sudden market balance and price shocks when stockpiles move around the threshold.

• Extra trade supply from stockpiles now counts toward effective supply when calculating market prices. Large stockpiles can therefore push prices down, improving trade margins and making it more attractive to move surplus goods to markets where they are needed.

• AI Trade will know prefer trades with bigger surpluses if the profit difference is small, in order to promote stable and reliable trades.

• Replaced price band position metric with price deviation.

• Fixed cannons_factory and putrefaction_mill using manufactory_max_level instead of mills_max_level.

• Fixed putrefaction_mill using manufactory_build_time instead of mills_build_time.

• Pop demands scales down if the prices of those exceed default.

• Rebalanced production method profit margin targets for guilds (10%), workshops (15%), manufactories (20%), and mills (25%), and adjusted all building production method inputs to match.

• Burgher Trade Range now scales with the age, unchanged at 600 in the Age of Traditions, then growing by 100 each age up to 1100 in the Age of Revolutions, so burgher auto-trade gradually reaches farther markets as the centuries progress.

• Halved mills_employment to make Age of Revolution production buildings competitive.

• Added 50% mill construction cost discount via industrialization advance.

• Added regional production specialization modifiers.

• Added is_mill flag and location-scaling build efficiency bonuses for Age of Revolution mills.

• Rebalance fine cloth production toward Brugge, reduce French genericism.

• Doubled the cost of expanding rgo's.

• Fixed gold/silver inflation impact not removed by non-metal coinage laws.

• Cities & Harbors: Cities and Megalopolises now provide some innate market attraction of their own, and good natural harbors make a location a stronger trade anchor, further concentrating trade around your major urban and coastal centers.

• Slave import trade orders now check pop culture/religion viability.

• Trade orders spread capacity across multiple routes.

• Gated production building levels by market access.

• Removed glass/cloth guilds from basic European town setups.

• Extracted rural_glassmaker as standalone building.

• Market Attraction: Development, staffed building levels, and natural harbor capacity now contribute much more strongly to a location's market attraction, staffed building levels in particular pull around five times harder than before, development twice as hard, and good natural harbors now add attraction where they previously added none. As a result, your most developed, built-up, and well-harbored locations now dominate the trade map far more decisively, making investment in development, industry, and coastal infrastructure pay off more directly in trade gravity.

• Excluded foreign buildings from total effective building levels.

• Stopped satellite trade buildings from stacking infinitely.

• Trade Offices can now be built in non-ports as well.

• Mills add 0.05 possible burghers per level to their location.

• Boosted slave inflow from buildings and enable slave growth.

• Scaled privateer placement opinion hit by stolen income.

• Overlord fleets only project maritime presence onto subjects bordering the sea zone.

• Trade Automation now produces trades on the first monthly tick after the entry is auto-initialized.

• Stopped slaves from working RGO when allow_rgo_slave_demand is inactive.

• Nerfed traders_look_abroad selling_efficiency bonus from huge (+20%) to medium (+5%).

• Doubled the chance for food goods to be picked when the Columbian Exchange relocates goods between the Old and New Worlds.

• Slave centers can now enslave laborers in addition to peasants, picking the larger valid pop across both pools each month.

• Fixed ships not repairing sometimes despite having money and men to do it.

• Fixed bug where foreign buildings under construction sometimes wouldn't get destroyed properly leaving behind empty constructions.

• Reduced rebel fort garrisons based on rebel category.

• Cultural tradition and influence power system.

• Each Cardinal now gives +1% satisfaction to the clergy estate.

• Increased baseline pop growth modifiers.

• Annex Revolter peace options now show when a non-revolter leads the rebel side.

• Burghers who speak the Market Language now assimilate very slowly instead of being hard-blocked.

• Fixed Japanese Clans being unable to sacrifice their own Works of Art via the "Religious Offering" action.

• Fixed case where rebel wars were starting with non-existent countries, causing the war to be instantly over.

• Added an ask for military access for the entire war side country interaction.

• Added base reluctance to joining the HRE.

• Spy Network Fog of War: Building a spy network in another country now gradually lifts the fog of war on their hidden details as it grows, revealing information like their military strength, manpower, income, and fortifications. Once strong enough, the new "Infiltrate Administration" action lifts the fog of war over their entire territory for several months, revealing all their lands, armies, and buildings.

• Profess Trust costs prestige instead of diplomatic reputation.

• Short and long term economic growth reduces trust equilibrium.

• Reduced military order sponsor income snowball.

• Enforcing Religious Unity in the HRE is no longer possible against subject countries.

• Blocked war declaration on subject when attacker has truce with overlord.

• Added antagonism_development_impact modifier.

• Reduced late-game coalition snowball.

• Reduced fabricated claim antagonism multiplier.

• Being a great or regional power no longer has an impact on diplomatic capacity.

• Added alliance bloc saturation upkeep cost.

• Tweaked alliance bloc saturation upkeep and union partner weight costs.

• Paused annexation progress during civil wars and revolt wars.

• Stopped subjects from creating new subjects.

• Annexation "much smaller" size bonus now scales linearly with pop ratio.

• Bolster Imperial Army will now have a consistent cost and gold requirement to be used.

• Fixed a rare issue where a country would lose their ruler when declaring war against ex-union members.

• Subject annexation now correctly halts while the subject is disloyal.

• The Lessen Tax Burden HRE parliament agenda is now only available if there is actually a tax payment active in the HRE.

• Allowed demanding unlawful territory for countries that do not exist.

• Per-victim opinion list in privateer message and 10x bias scaling.

• Subjugate High Kingship Member action now lists the members of the chosen organisation with the correct picker title; non-targetable countries are shown disabled instead of being hidden.

• Stopped locations from being removed from the IO by the press of a button. Instead, in order to remove provinces from the HRE you need to enforce it in a peace treaty.

• Selecting the whole province in a peace treaty does the same as selecting all the locations, doling them out to the current occupiers.

• Scaled the "Distrust of our rapid Economic Growth" trust penalty by the grower's economic size relative to the observer and by diplomatic proximity, so a tiny country upgrading one RGO no longer alarms distant great powers.

• Fixed disabled marriage between humans issue in multiplayer.

• Fixed confusion when Pronoias got annexed during a rebellion or civil war.

• Transferred subjects pull new overlord into ongoing wars.

• Promoted strongest coalition member to war leader on rally.

• Fixed bug declaring war using subject's cb not recognising it's on behalf of them.

• Loyal subjects now automatically leave independence movements on same conditions as the leader.

• Decreased acceptance penalty from distance in the sell locations action.

• Fixed an exploit where the "Sell Work of Art" economy action could be used repeatedly to sell the same artwork to multiple buyers for infinite gold.

• Fixed being able to demand return cores without occupying forts.

• Fixed IOs not counting conditional modifiers correctly.

• Fixed case where army based country shatters while a subject, causing the subject dependency to end unexpectedly.

• Removed regular-vs-levy damage bonus.

• Reduced fort soldier pop employment to match garrison size.

• Heavy ships penalised in inland seas and narrows.

• Mercenaries stuck in high attrition for two months may abandon their contracts unless you bail them out.

• Fixed artillery siege contribution snapping to zero on unit damage.

• Make GP score antagonism cap a tunable define, lower attacker cap to 25%.

• Added baseline naval governor slot to Age of Discovery.

• Hunt navies objective persists through peace as a standing order.

• Fixed a bug where naval units were not stackwiped when they got overrun and couldn't shatter retreat.

• Naval Combat is now far more likely to sink ships than before.

• Reduced Order Knight mercenary pool size from 50% to 20% of nobles.

• Scaled ship maintenance to grow 5x across ages 1-6 to match land.

• Building a ship now costs roughly four times the gold and ten times the goods it used to, while maintenance costs about double, making fleet construction a major economic event and rewarding well-tended fleets over disposable megafleets.

• Doubled all army goods demands (construction and maintenance).

• Capped initiative-derived engage chance to prevent high-initiative stack-wipes.

• Tagged steppe, cavalry and tribal *_maintenance entries as regiment_maintenance.

• More frequent and impactful slave raids on occupation.

• Raised Levies modifier only applies when the location's own owner raised the levies.

• Supply Carts on Army Logistics now refill food at a useful rate instead of being capped at ~1/day by their tiny consumption.

• Stopped fleets from being loaded as cargo onto another country's fleet.

• Mothballing ships then hiring them out no longer consolidates them, losing ships.

• Random characters who generate with a General or Admiral trait have a small chance of spawning with a battle injury like scarred or one-eyed.

• Fixed an issue where one of your own armies offered up for hire as mercenaries would incorrectly become a Hired Mercenary after saving and reloading.

• Swapped same-Religion and cross-Religion no-Casus-Belli war declaration costs so attacking a country of the same Religion is now the harsher offense, and clarified the matching Stability tooltip entries.

• Stopped retreating armies from looting enemy provinces.

• Fixed land battle war exhaustion being applied in full to every coalition member instead of weighted by their share of the side's combat strength. War exhaustion is now proportional to each country's actual battle contribution, matching the existing naval formula.

• Floored ship maintenance at 10% of construction goods.

• Auxiliary regiments now carry roughly 50% more food than before, extending the time an army can stay in the field before resupplying — about 38 months of food per accompanying heavy-cavalry regiment, up from 25. This restores some headroom for long campaigns after recent tightening of food consumption elsewhere in the supply system.

• Changed smallpox to now spawn in subtropical climates and caps its distance-based stagnation, so outbreaks no longer cluster overwhelmingly in compact Europe while large Asian continents go relatively unscathed.

• Extended colonial migration from just capital region to include anywhere joined by land or strait to the capital too.

• Scaled repeating advance modifiers across ages to preserve relative value.

• Reduced Age of Revolution mill advance research cost by 75%.

• Being the birthplace of Global Trade is now +10% market attraction instead of +2.5%.

• Average Control now have a bigger impact on research speed.

• Fixed weather systems sometimes leaving behind empty modifiers.

• Stopped Wool from providing food.

• Renamed Proximity Speed to Proximity Efficiency.

• Made the High Kingship subjugate war goal make conquering even more expensive

• Dissolve Coalition peace treaty cost 75 -> 20.

• Toned down baseline pop growth modifiers: available_free_land and abundant_free_land restored to pre-bump values; cheap_food_in_location lowered from 0.003 to 0.002.

• Blocked creating subjects on provinces with Colonized locations to avoid permanent 'Colony' integration after annexation.

• Corrected some Serbian localization typos from Feedback.

• Added Rhaetian Culture Group.

• Changed Verona to now start with 90 Belligerent societal value.

• Changed Montferrat color to green.

• Theodore of Montferrat now starts with Born in the Purple modifier.

• Rebalanced RGO distribution for Iron, Wool, Horses, and Beeswax, addressing their over-concentration in Europe, by doing 34 goods swaps across Sub-Saharan Africa, Mongolia, Kazakh steppe, Arabia, Manchuria, Anatolia, Ethiopia, Borneo, and India. All displaced goods are low-value fillers (Livestock, Lumber, Wild Game, Clay).

• Added flavor descriptions for 25 major world cities.

• Added flavor descriptions for 23 Italian locations.

• Added flavor descriptions for 13 Greek and Anatolian locations.

• Added appropriate culture groups to 544 cultures that were missing them.

• Tatar and nomadic Mongolian cultures added to steppe_group, making Kurultai buildable across Golden Horde territory.

• All dialects of Italian have unique character names and location names.

• Added Greek language names for all locations and provinces in the Balkans, Anatolia, and Italy.

• Authored 4 missing Lara dynasty ancestors (Pedro González de Lara, Nuño Pérez de Lara, Gonzalo Núñez de Lara, and Nuño González de Lara ‘el Bueno’) so that the Manrique and Juan Núñez branches of the House of Lara now connect into a single family tree.

• Authored 5 missing Castilian father characters (Juan Núñez I de Lara, Alfonso of Molina, Pedro Fernández de Castro, Álvar Pérez de Guzmán, and Manrique Pérez de Lara) that were previously referenced only as commented-out placeholders by their children, so the paren't-child links can now be enabled. Also renamed a stale spouse alias on Béla IV of Hungary from maria_laskarina to hun_maria_laskarina.

• Added Pisan core on Bonifacio.

• Fixed the ruler of Ansbach, Friedrich IV von Zollern, referencing a broken character entry and not appearing correctly at game start.

• Fixed the primary culture, capital and starting pop mismatches across 17 country tags after a global audit of every TAG's primary culture against its capital's majority pop culture. Includes 10 primary-culture corrections (UJJ, DOG, SWT, KUT, MSV, SGL, GRY, DIS, BLM, TKR), 4 capital relocations (GJJ, DAM, BQL, NST), and added small primary-culture pops in Lübeck, Kengtung and Murzuk where none existed before.

• Fixed the starting Palaiologos royals (Andronikos III and his sons John V and Michael, plus Theodora of Bulgaria, Maria-Irene of Bulgaria, and Theodore I of Montferrat) not carrying the "Born in the Purple" character modifier despite qualifying historically, the modifier was only granted at runtime via on_character_birth, which never fires for characters loaded from the 1337 roster. Also corrected an impossible paren'tage on Demetrios Palaiologos, who is the son of Andronikos II (not Michael IX, who never married Irene of Montferrat).

• Moved Irish iron RGO from Glendalough to Leitrim.

• Granted the "Royal Free City" town rights at start to Fehérvár.

• Fixed several Novgorodian-dialect location names rendering with Cyrillic-script characters in English-language games.

• Corrected the Bulgarian-Byzantine border at the 1337 start date; moved Plovdiv, the Rhodope cluster (Stanimaka, Tsepina, Beden, Perperek, Smolyan, Haskovo), Melnik, and the Pirin locations (Dospat, Bansko/Dobarsko, Krupnik, Nevrokop) from Bulgarian to Byzantine ownership, reflecting Byzantine control of Philippopolis and the Rhodope fortresses from 1323 to the 1344 cession, of Melnik until Dušan's 1342 conquest, and of the Pirin/Mesta corridor as continuously Byzantine since Vatatzes' 1246 reconquest. All twelve land in Byzantine own_control_integrated as Bulgarian-cultured frontier under Byzantine administration; no cores on either side. Flipped the cathedral at Plovdiv from BUL to BYZ to reflect the Greek Orthodox identity of the Metropolitan of Philippopolis.

• Most of English coasts are now coastal ocean instead of narrows.

• Corrected the cultures of around 40 minor Rhineland county rulers who were incorrectly set to a placeholder "Westphalian" culture. They now use their proper Franconian cultures (Rhine, Moselle, Ripuarian, or Low Franconian) to match their regions.

• Fixed the incorrect cultures of Jean d'Arlay of Basel and Bishop Stefan II of Lebus.

• Fixed Ma Xiuying not getting her proper dynasty.

• AI Ming will now benefit from the extra levies from Zhu Yuanzhang modifier.

• Changed Ming map color to vermillion.

• Changed map color of Mao to avoid now clash with vermillion Ming.

• The Hussite Wars are now conducted between Bohemia and the current HRE Emperor instead of the Pope.

• The unit ability "Hussite Tribunal" is now visible during the Hussite Wars for Catholic countries currently at war against Bohemia.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: Using the "Force Faction Change" Peace Treaty option will now add score to your factions progression towards winning the situation.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: Declaring War on your own faction will now subtract score from your faction.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: The Emperor will no longer demand unlawful territory from members of the Ghibellines faction.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: In the case of the Ghibelline Victory the Leader of the IO might now request the Kingdom of Italy Title with very reduced requirements.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: In case of a Guelph Victory, countries with their capital in the Italy Region will be forbidden from joining the HRE for 50 years.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: Increased the amount of score each faction has to accumulate to achieve victory. This should mean that the stalemate outcome in reaching 1437 should be more common now.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: In rare cases where both Guelphs and Ghibellines reach 100% Progress at the same time the Situation will now end in a Stalemate.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: In case of a Guelph Victory, the Leader of the IO might now form Italy without the requirements to own Milano, Florence and Naples.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: Updated the Situation Hint to include information about the proactive score gain and loss and the victory effects of either side.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: Blocked the Force Faction Change Peace Treaty from targeting the Papal States and Holy Roman Emperor if they are not the war leader.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: Enabled the Join Faction Action in case the Country Ruler favors the other faction.

• Fixed Wool, Horses, and Beeswax Columbian Exchange accessibility.

• Locations in the region you have declared your ambition to conquer automatically conquered by the Timurids during its situation.

• Added proper events for the end of the Italian Wars for the sides that were missing them.

• Countries now properly get rewards at the end of the Italian Wars (Losing countries no longer get better rewards than the Winner's members).

• Fixed the "Demand the Transfer of a Claimed Province" action in the Treaty of Tordesillas situation, it now correctly chooses the province.

• Uc Bey creation in the Rise of the Turks Situation now applies to all vassals regardless of religion.

• Fixed HYW French vassals using wrong dip rep formula when considering betrayal.

• Fixed the Hundred Years War military advisor quote incorrectly recommending the Sign a Truce action, which is exclusive to England and France, to players of all countries.

• War of Religions The creation of the War of Religions Situation will no longer assign two members of the same union as the initial leaders of the Catholic League and Protestant Union.

• The "Grant Representation to Colonial Subject" action will now properly implement the "Representation in Parliament" policy to the target country.

• The actions during the Rise of Timur situations are no longer available to rebel countries.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: Only Countries with their capital in Italy are now eligible to lead the Guelph and Ghibelline International Organizations.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: The "Force Country into our Faction" Casus Belli makes taking land more expensive for both attacker and defender, going from +25% to 50% (attacker) and 0% to +25% (defender).

• The leader of the Catholic League and the Protestant Union are now chosen by their military strength. Additionally, AI will now want to drop alliances with countries of the other religious faction.

• The Reformation: Added the "Sponsor the Reformation" Action for the Situation, inviting either the lutheran or calvinist movement into your country.

• Stopped Timur from declare wars on countries which are not directly bordering him.

• The Rise of Timur will now give the Timurids the Expansionist personality and an area preference to conquer Persia first and foremost. Additionally, the "The Scourge from Central Asia" character modifier now gives 20 additional expected life expectancy to Timur. He might still die in battle though.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: Forcing another country into the Ghibellines Faction will now also remove the "Support of the Guelphs" Modifier from that countries ruler, which should prevent an instant removal of the country from the Ghibellines IO.

• Fixed Red Turban Rebellions' Demand Annexation being easily spammable by adding a cooldown, increasing its cost and acceptance reasons.

• Fixed an exploit in the Red Turban Rebellions where 'Demand Occupied Territories' could be peaced out cheaply after occupying a single location.

• Guelphs and Ghibellines: Fixed an issue where the Emperor would dissolve a recently requested alliance from the Ghibellines Leader through the "Petition for Imperial Support" Action if the opinion between them was too low to maintain the alliance. Additionally the Emperor will now reject aiding a Ghibellines Leader they have negative relations with.

• Added a readable tooltip for the Request Antipiracy Policy cooldown in the Golden Age of Piracy.

• Italian Wars Foreign League leaders can no longer leave their League.

• Fixed an issue that allowed France to call Appanages at war during the HYW even when the Appanage has the appanage_prevented_from_call_to_war modifier.

• Applied a fix to the Rise of the Turks to prevent a wrong ending when the strongest Beylik has < 100 locations while another Beylik has > 100 locations.

• Fixed an issue where French Appanages with the "appanage_prevented_from_call_to_war" modifier were still auto-joining France's defensive wars; the modifier now correctly blocks both offensive and defensive calls.

• The HRE Emperor can no longer impose "Enforce Religious Unity" on Hussite countries if the latter emerge victorious out of the Hussite Wars Situation.

• Cancelled Yuan's outstanding loans when the player switches to a Red Turban Rebellion warlord, so the abandoned AI Yuan does not spiral on debt the player ran up before jumping ship.

• Reduced the stability and government-power bonuses granted to Red Turban Rebellion warlords on release (events 22 and 36) from extreme/severe to mild.

• Tightened the starting gold given to cultural warlords released by the Red Turban Rebellions (multiplier 1.5x Yuan's monthly income, capped 50-400).

• Scaled Ming's starting gold in the Red Turban Rebellions to Yuan's monthly income (capped 200-1500) and cut the free starting regiments from 14 to 8.

• Gated the Red Turban Rebellions "Demand Complete Annexation" peace treaty so warlords can no longer instantly annex each other without a decisive battlefield victory.

• Further tightened the Red Turban Rebellions "Demand Occupied Territories" and "Demand All Chinese Territories" peace treaties so the player can no longer surrender cheaply to barely-arrived warlords.

• Fixed the HYW "Influence French Subject" action silently failing when used on a French vassal; the resulting "Diplomatic Betrayal" modifier now correctly blocks the vassal from being called into France's offensive and defensive wars, matching the existing Appanage behavior.

• Fixed the "Influence French Subject" action letting England bribe French subjects that should have been protected by the "Strong Diplomacy" modifier.

• Restrained the "Sign a Truce" action between England and France with a longer cooldown (4 to 10 years), an ENG-FRA target-list exclusion, and an AI deprioritization while the Hundred Years' War situation is active.

• The AI is now more cautious about using "Influence French Subject", England will hold off on bribing French subjects when it lacks a casus belli, sufficient manpower, or the military strength to follow through against France.

• Fixed the Hundred Years' War starting tooltips being swapped, so each side now sees a description of its own available actions instead of its opponent's.

• Rebalanced France's starting strength and the Hundred Years' War vassal dynamics so the conflict is no longer a near-guaranteed French walkover. England now has a real opening if it plays to it.

• Reduced the noble levy bonus from the "A Knightly Nobility" feature, lowering France's early military strength.

• Weakened the Appanage subject type — appanages now contribute less institution spread and manpower to their overlord, and a stronger appanage is more inclined toward independence.

• Increased the penalty an overlord suffers for each appanage they hold, making large numbers of appanages harder to keep in line.

• The "Ancient French Taxation", "French Feudal Nobility", "French Appanage", and "French Ducal" government reforms now carry additional subject-loyalty and levy-size penalties.

• Rescaled the "Influence French Subject" diplomatic action so that already-disloyal subjects are cheap to turn, while loyal ones cost full price — making it a tool for exploiting existing discontent rather than flipping loyal vassals outright.

• Vassal defection AI now depends on whether a war is active: during peacetime, subjects will only defect when deeply disloyal, rather than flipping too readily.

• The Hundred Years' War situation hint now includes a "Vassal Defection" section explaining what overlords should watch for and how to counter it.

• The Horde Civil War will no longer fire for subjects.

• The events for the Horde Civil War will now turn the country from fiefdom to a vassal in case it is a subject.

• The Succession Crisis Event "A Request to <Country>" now only triggers if you are not a subject with limited diplomacy.

• Fixed the "Influence of China" disaster being able to retrigger immediately after ending when the player chose to stay independent.

• The Complacent Decline can no longer fire for subjects.

• Fixed the "Horde Civil War" disaster continuing to fire events after it had ended, caused by the pretender death on_action lacking an active-disaster guard and the on_end block not cleaning up pretender character variables.

• Reworked the "War of the Roses" start conditions so the disaster becomes more reachable.

• Fixed the "War of the Roses" disaster failing to end when the Lancaster or York dynasty dies out.

• Savonarola Disaster events now show portraits of the characters referenced in each event.

• Unique disasters that are meant for specific tags no longer have a custom made tooltip trigger to denote that they occur only once they now use the fire_only_once = yes system.

• The Good Ending of the Fate of the Phoenix now resets your Complacency.

• The loan given via the "Seek Aid" action for the Succession Crisis-type disasters now has its loan properly scale to the player's economy.

• Active disasters no longer silently disappear when the player loses a civil war and continues playing as the rebel faction; the disaster now follows the new regime and concludes normally. Decline of Mali no longer fires its conclusion event the moment a civil war begins.

• Fixed the Byzantine Succession Crisis disaster often failing to fire because it incorrectly required Andronikos III to be dead first. It now triggers correctly (as it did before 1.2.2), more often together with the Fate of the Phoenix disaster. John Kantakouzenos is still reserved as the historical pretender only after Andronikos III's death, and the events covering his rise to co-emperor have been extended to better reflect history.

• Fixed the "War of the Roses" disaster getting stuck on a rebel faction with 0 supporters when the supported house died out.

• Fixed the "Fate of the Phoenix" disaster never ending when Byzantium owns exactly 150 locations; changed the success threshold from strictly "= 150" to be ">= 150".

• Tatar Yoke In cases where the Grand Prince of Vladimir leaves the IO through any means a new Grand Prince will now be automatically chosen based on the member countries total populations.

• Allowed any member of the High Kingship of Ireland to use the Subjugate action.

• Joining an empty Autocephalous Patriarchate now properly sets up a leader and patriarch.

• HRE: When using the "Enforce Religious Unity" Action, the Country in question will now accept or reject based on their Tolerance of the True Faith and their Tolerance of Heretics.

• Stopped subjects from increasing their country rank with the IO Actions of the HRE "Ask for Ducal Rights" and "Request Kingdom"

• Reworked the default Land Removal of the Holy Roman Empire to be in the hands of the Emperor, instead of the current owner of the land.

• Reworked the "Bribe Circle Leader" diplomatic action so the bribed leader and their circle members actually vote with the Emperor at the Imperial Diet, with a new refuse option that returns the gold and rewards diplomatic reputation.

• Fixed the Ilkhanate disbanding when only one "Claimant to the Ilkhanate" was left, instead of crowning them as the new Ilkhan.

• Ensuring that all declarations of war done via events have a fallback in case the war declaration is impossible (declaring war on an ally, overlord,etc).

• Societal_values.111 Military Treatise now creates a treatise work of art.

• A Campaign against Korea event will no longer target Korea if the player is Korea.

• Fixed display of dlh_benefits_of_subjugating.

• Fixed Monte dei Paschi and Saint George banks not properly becoming state banks.

• Refined the Events related to Zwinglis conversion to work better with the Reformation.

• Fixed KNI flourishing_capital_modifier capital-move exploit.

• Fixed the Lithuanian event "Western Marital Ties" (flavor_lit.5) creating biologically implausible fallback child for the Polish ruler.

• Fixed the event "Crown the Regent" (regencies.1) granting Bishopric Elective countries a female ruler.

• Tweaked the modifier effects from the Mercan'tilist events "Chocolate Imports" (mercan'tilism_events.8) and "Coffee Imports" (mercan'tilism_events.9) to be thematically appropriate; now the former will give +0.1 Global Monthly Prosperity, and the latter +5% Research Speed.

• Fixed the English event "Warbelton v Gorges" (flavor_eng.71) options applying pop satisfaction penalty to the winning side instead of the losing side; also added a gold cost to the third option "Negotiate a monetary settlement", to prevent it being a strictly dominant choice.

• Fixed the English event "John Oldcastle" (flavor_eng.102) description calling him a heretic regardless of England's primary religion.

• Fixed the first option of the event "Plausible Deniability", it now correctly reduces the opinion of a neighboring country.

• Fixed rulers being able to get multiple modifiers from the Shayk al-Islam event (muslim_school_events.2).

• Fixed the 'Societas Aluminum' event (flavor_flo.42) for Florence so that Viterbo's owner can now accept or reject the mining rights proposal, and improved the reward for accepting to include a Trade Office in Viterbo.

• The Serbian event "Novo Brdo grows" is now a proper DHE.

• Added 30 new parliament monthly pulse events (parliaments.29-58).

• Moved the "Welser Family" (banking.3) Family Bank spawn place from Nuremberg to Augsburg (their historical seat), and updated their spawn date from 1400 to 1414 to match the founding of the Welser-Prun Company.

• Fixed the "Ivan Fyodorov" event (flavor_mos.45) for Muscovy/Russia where option A built a "Printing Press Shop" in Moscow that could not be supplied with Lead, causing 0% Books production. Option A now grants a 25-year "Printing Boom" modifier instead.

• The Event "The Bavarian Division" (flavor_bav.1302) now correctly checks for 3 locations with average satisfaction under 50% instead of 5000%.

• Redesigned flavor_pol.19-22 as graduated reform events.

• Fixed the "Act of Supremacy" Personal Union partner notification event (flavor_eng.250) showing an ERROR for the consort's name and incorrectly highlighting the remainder of the description in gold.

• Fixed the "The Wrong Is Righted" Naples event (flavor_nap.222) showing an ERROR for the consort's name.

• Fixed the Dutch "The Tulip Mania" event (flavor_hol.6) showing "The Religion Group is Islam" as a requirement for Holland in the event browser, by wrapping the Constantinople owner check in a custom tooltip description.

• Fixed the "Occam's Razor" event displaying an empty patron name during a regency.

• Localized requirements for Korean DHE events.

• DHE monthly pulse now honors previous historical tags.

• Ruler receiving black death event reworked to work with the health trait.

• Fixed the unlocalized requirements shown on the Events tab for the "Union of Krewo" event (flavor_pol.47).

• Fixed "New King and the People" event (culture_religion_events.2) firing with stale dead-ruler portraits when the new ruler died during the scheduling delay.

• Fixed theocratic regencies with non-"Bishopric Elective" succession incorrectly allowing female regents, by adding an additional trigger failsafe to the event "Crown the Regent" (regencies.1).

• Fixed the Odia "Achyutananda Das" event (flavor_ori.4) incorrectly granting gold instead of costing it when selecting the option to promote his arts.

• Fixed Edward III's younger sons John of Gaunt and Edmund of Langley appearing with negative ages before their historical birth dates.

• Reworked the "Bloodthirsty Mercs" (mercs.2), "Mercenaries Allowed to Loot" (mercs.3), "Pious Mercs" (mercs.10), and Italian "Hired Condottieri Demands More Payment" (italian_renaissance_culture.10) events to apply direct subunit-strength and economy effects on the chosen mercenary company instead of inert mercenary modifiers.

• The Event Chain to Inherit the Saxon Electorate (flavor_mei.130-.131) will no longer change the name and adjective of Meissen to Saxony/Saxon.

• Added several custom tooltips to Event Triggers related to Brandenburg and its content.

• The Byzantine Crown Jewels event chain now handles bankruptcies on either side properly.

• Fixed Byzantine reconquest events having duplicated options.

• Adapted the Event chain around Tirol's Succession slightly to grant Claim Throne CBs to involved countries in case one of the dynasties, or an unrelated one takes over the Rule of Tirol.

• Fixed the "Scania Affair" event chain (flavor_swe_dan.1) firing while Denmark was a subject of another country.

• Fixed the Dutch The Wisselbank of Amsterdam event (flavor_hol.28) being able to construct an Urban-only Wisselbank in a Rural Amsterdam.

• Fixed the "Wisselbank of Amsterdam" (flavor_hol.28) and "Riksbank" (flavor_swe.60) events firing when the target city was not the country's capital.

• Fixed the "House of Lancaster" event (flavor_eng.46) potentially picking infertile women as Plantagenet wives, by lowering the female age cap from 50 to 35 and adding a missing is_married check in the candidate selection.

• Tightened the trigger of the "House of \[Dynasty] is Shaken" event (dynastic.14) to reduce the amount of "the Dubious" or "the False" nicknames.

• For owners of the Fate of the Phoenix DLC flavor_byz.52 ("Reforming the Corpus Juris Civilis") now ties into the Books of the Basilika Bureaucracy by doubling its positive effect.

• Fixed Portuguese feitoria events (flavor_por.55-59, .64) only firing when a Portuguese subject already owned the target location, instead of when Portugal could establish a foreign trading post there.

• Made sure that China is properly formed when Yuan changes to Northern Yuan.

• The event "Privateer Defects" will now grant the pirate and the target country a 20 year cooldown to prevent the event from happening too frequently.

• Fixed the Byzantine event "Restoring Control in Anatolia" (flavor_byz.36) incorrectly describing Anatolia as a province when it is in fact a region.

• Adjusted the Byzantine event "Rise of Ioánnīs Kantakouzenos" (flavor_byz.32), so it now directly targets John Kantakouzenos instead of the highest-mil character in court.

• The "Reconquest of the Eastern Aegean" event now has lasting consequences: each captured island gains a 5-year "Vignoso's Garrison" modifier that strengthens its defense and garrison growth, but stirs Greek unrest and limits Genoese control there.

• Fixed five Muscovite Dynamic Historical Events not displaying the requirement for their associated historical character to be alive.

• Fixed the Scottish "Rise of the Stewarts (Stuart)" event (flavor_sco.105) firing when Robert II Stewart was already the current ruler of Scotland.

• Fixed the event "<Heir> and the <Culture> People" (culture_religion_events.1) allowing a foreign country to change the culture of an heir that does not belong to it.

• Fixed unlocalized variable names ("tripartite_indenture" and "ransom_paid_edmund_mortimer") showing under Requirements on the "English noble captured" event (flavor_wls.15).

• Improved the description text of "The Creation of a National Bank" (flavor_eng.28) event.

• Fixed "The Creation of a National Bank" event (flavor_eng.28) granting an additional Central Bank in London when one already existed.

• Fixed the "Wisselbank of Amsterdam" event (flavor_hol.28) never being able to fire.

• Fixed the "Loss of Malta to the Knights Hospitaller" event (flavor_kni.100) firing for subjects.

• Fixed "Francesco Petrarca"'s portrait being missing from the Neapolitan "Robert and Petrarca" event chain (flavor_nap.119, .1201 and .1202).

• Fixed wokou pirate nations spawning with their capital location stuck at "None" integration status.

• Fixed the "Embassy to China" event (flavor_tim.5) and the "Rise of Astrarabadi Fazlallah" event (flavor_tim.1100) showing no title in the Events tab.

• Fixed the "Liberation of Jerusalem" event (flavor_ven.26) where the Kingdom of Jerusalem was created independent instead of as a vassal of Venice when picking the second or third option.

• Fixed flavor text being duplicated in the "Crown the Regent" event (regencies.1) description.

• Fixed "The Tripartite Indenture" English event (flavor_eng.95) where only one of the Percy and Mortimer rebellions could start a civil war. Both factions now combine into a single combined uprising when they raise arms.

• Fixed artist_events.1 option D moving Societal Value toward Traditionalist instead of Innovative.

• Fixed the "Konstantinoupolis Outgrows its Walls" event (flavor_byz.34) firing for BYZ-tagged players whose capital was not Konstantinoupolis, leaving the "Aid Constantinople" Cabinet Action it unlocked hidden from the cabinet UI.

• Fixed "The Iberian Wedding" event (flavor_cas.1700) checking for rulers being married to the same character instead to each other.

• Added a new two-step Venetian–Byzantine anti-Genoese pact, set in 1348–1352 and modeling the historical lead-up to the 1351 treaty and the joint naval campaigns of 1351–1355. Venice may propose the alliance ("An Opportunity against the Genoese Threat"), and Byzantium may accept or reject it ("The Venetian Overture"). Accepting grants both sides improved relations and a 10-year "Anti-Genoese Pact" modifier, and pushes Byzantine society toward Latinitas; rejecting it pushes it toward Romanismos.

• The Parliament Issue "Fund a Monastery Network" now uses Modifiers in the same framework as others for its in debate modifiers.

• Fixed your active law policies being lost when you unified a culture group. They are now preserved through the unification.

• Maori formable name changed to Aotearoa.

• Maori kingdoms are now called Waka; Kingitanga is kept if they are Christianised.

• Made Arte della Lana advance into a Privilege.

• Repurposed two Venetian Advances as Government Reforms as it fits better.

• The reform Theme System now grants some progress towards Rōmanismós.

• Fixed Military Order Grandmasters being able to marry despite celibacy vows.

• Fixed Duchy and County rank nations emerging from a Horde collapse displaying the title 'Emirate' instead of 'Horde'.

• Reworked the Aptekarsky Cabinet Action for Muscovy to prevent situations where it fully disables Disease Spread on the country level. Cabinet now works on a province level and grants prosperity on the any location in the province as compensation.

• Fixed the "Barter Exchange" policy under "Coin Laws" never being available to implement, as it incorrectly required markets to hold negative amounts of gold, silver, and copper.

• Fixed the "Tribal Strongholds" privilege giving -5% Max Rural Control instead of +5%, contradicting its flavor text.

• Integrated the four China-specific bureaucracies with the advance tree, government reforms, law policies, and dynasty transition events; bureaucracies now contribute to Celestial Authority, scale with relevant advances and policies, and are correctly established and removed at dynastic transition moments.

• Characters who join a theocracy with the Prussian Crusade can no longer be targeted by the Favor Heir action.

• Added the "Matrilineal Customary Law" legal code policy and restricted "Matrilineal Non-Exclusive" succession visibility to historically accurate cultures (Kerala, Tulu Nadu, West Sumatra, and the Akan belt), with a non-native unlock path.

• Fixed the Two Sicilies formable remaining unavailable after fully annexing Sicily (or Naples), due to a broken rival Italy-presence check when the rival country no longer existed.

• Reduced the "Prikazi" and "Collegium" reform cabinet efficiency bonuses for Muscovy and Russia from 0.15/0.20 to 0.10 each, addressing excessive stacking.

• Era-gate parliament debates to fix mid/late-game flavor mismatches.

• Celtic Traditions government reform cannot be removed while still part of a High Kingship.

• Irish nobles privilege Coign and Livery gives maintenance efficiency for all army units instead of reducing cost lot for only heavies.

• Fixed the "Ruling Commission of England" government reform having an unlocalized commission_established variable and dysfunctional removal conditions. Locked conditions now mirror the "Lords Appellant" (flavor_eng.72) event trigger, which are Legitimacy <= 75, or Crown Estate >= 35%.

• Fixed the Granadan "Jewel of Al-Andalus" government reform incorrectly raising the cost of taking provinces from other religions instead of lowering it.

• Fixed clergy being able to use "Marry a Lowborn" despite their religion's "Clergy Cannot Marry" rule being active.

• Replaced the Blocked from Cabinet Modifiers on the "Curtail the Estate" and "Figurehead Position" Policies with a Power from Cabinet Position Modifier for the applicable Estate.

• Forming Byzantium as Trebizond now instantly researches the Byzantine advance "Byzantine Bureaucracy" to ensure you don't lose access to the mechanic.

• Fixed the "Reintegrate Province" Latin cabinet action being assignable to the same province across multiple cabinet slots.

• Estate opinion of foreign countries now responds to the target country's Societal Values rather than always reflecting our own.

• Allowed the PLC to be formed if Poland and Lithuania are in a union.

• Fixed the "Matrilineal Customary Law" policy tooltip showing unlocalized text caused by an invalid concept link.

• Reworked the Genoese "Diarchy Republic" reform with a distinct plutocratic-naval identity, so the historical "Merchant Republic" transition becomes a slightly more meaningful choice rather than a strict upgrade; also rebalanced the "Genoese Maritime Diplomacy", "Age of the Genoese", and "Free Port" advances to fill the missing maritime-trade levers (trade range, trade income, merchant maintenance, export efficiency) for Genoa.

• Fixed Dynastic Signoria countries getting stuck in indefinite regency when the ruling dynasty went extinct.

• Added a tooltip line on the "Royal Harem" and "Valide Sultan" policies advertising that they unlock the Harem Laws.

• The Burgtor building is now a foreign building for Hansa that can be unlocked via an Age 2 Advance (Hanseatic Fortifications) and can be built in cities whose owner's culture shares a group with the culture of the Hansa, the building has 2 levels and offers lucrative early game modifiers.

• Fixed description and empty Building Requirements tooltip for the Central Bank building.

• Fixed event-locked buildings (Bibliotheca Corviniana, Teatro San Cassiano, Piazza San Marco, Husuni Kubwa) displaying the raw internal unlock variable in their requirements tooltip.

• Fixed divorce decline notification showing Papal States as the country requesting divorce.

• English language male names are now split into 6 lists. Common early game, uncommon early game, common mid game, uncommon mid game, common late game, uncommon late game.

• Former Liturgical Languages are remembered, and can always be reselected in the future.

• Former Court Languages are remembered, and can always be reselected in the future.

• Newborn health-trait births now use flavorful "born with" messages.

• Just and Malevolent ruler traits are now mutually exclusive.

• Fixed canonizing a character wrongly setting Clergy estate satisfaction to 100% instead of applying the amount shown in the action tooltip.

• Fixed the "Grant a triumph" tooltip not showing character effect.

• Fixed the Pilgrimage action displaying its 10 gold base cost in the Religion tab before a holy site was selected, since the real cost scales with the chosen holy site.

• Fixed the Nahua "Appease the Gods", "Host a Ceremony" and "Open a War Path" religious actions remaining available after the Reform Society disaster completes.

• Added 'Merge Colonies' subject interaction, allowing colonial overlords to absorb one colony into another.

• Stopped overlords from being able to seize territory either when they are at war or when the selected subject is at war.

• Fixed Iroquois tribes refusing to merge when bankrupt.

• Fixed Tusi and Samanta subject types ignoring their strength relative to their overlord, which other subject types correctly account for.

• Fixed unlocalized breakdown labels in the Sell Work of Art and Request to Purchase Work of Art country interactions.

• Fixed clergy being able to use "Marry a Lowborn" despite their religion's "Clergy Cannot Marry" rule being active.

• "Restore Roman Borders" CB now considers single-seazone adjacency.

• Added a peace treaty option to destroy a rival Autocephalous Patriarchate.

• Fixed the "Pradhāna-Mahā-Sāmanta" subject description claiming it grants greater Efficiency of Cabinet when the modifier actually applies a penalty. Also fixed similar description and modifier mismatches on Vassal, Appanage, Fiefdom, Dominion, Member of the Hansa, and Trade Company subject types.

• Prevented the Pope from using the "Join Foreign Order of Chivalry" character action.

• Fixed a bug that prevented members of the Lordship of Ireland from using the IO's Casus Belli.

• Fixed AI never using the "Propose Ruler" and "Support Heir" diplomatic actions, which prevented foreign dynasties from competing for vacan't elective successions like Bishoprics.

• Fixed the "Restore Roman Borders" casus belli not applying to subjects' neighbors.

• Fixed the "Temur Khan's Conquest" Casus Belli being removed one day after the Timurids' "Plan Invasion" action created it.

• Fixed the "Enforce Religion" and "Enforce Culture" diplomatic actions never appearing for the Senior Partner of a Personal Union with the "Aligned Legislature" policy active.

• Fixed some scripted relations missing localization strings.

• Fixed appanages set to be inherited by their overlord instead being silently downgraded to a regular vassal when their ruler dies without an heir. The overlord now reliably absorbs them.

• Fixed Kabang transport ship having worse stats than basic Cog.

• Added the "Warrior Societies" advance and "Warrior Lodge" building for North American tribal nations, fixing their inability to gain manpower, and added the "War Party" and "Warrior Society" Age 2 units that remain competitive after European contact spreads professional armies.

• Fixed the Aragonese "Catalan Galley" unit being available to all Iberian countries instead of just Aragonese/Catalan ones, by replacing its potential with the one used for the "Almogavar" units.

• Fixed the "Hungarian Hussars" and "Austrian Grenzhussar" being categorized as heavy cavalry; both are now correctly classified as light cavalry.

• Fixed an issue with the "Gebirgsschützen" infantry blocking the upgrade path from "Arquebusiers" to "Hunters" for Austria.

• Fixed legionaries having 0 initiative.

• Fixed the Byzantine "Varangian Guard" upgrade chain showing the same display name across all six ages; each upgraded variant now has a distinct era-appropriate name.

• Genoese Crossbowmen have been reclassified from heavy infantry to light infantry to better match their historical role.

• Fixed 78 unique land and naval units that became unable to upgrade to a next-age counterpart, leaving them frozen at their current type after the player aged up (e.g. "Tercio", "Lanzas de Castilla", "Landsknechte", "Reisläufer", "Akinji", "Hungarian Black Army", "Iberian Galleon"). Also corrected misleading gfx_tags on "Mauricians", "Ḡilmān", "Iron-Helmet Musketeers" and "Tofangchi" so their visual signals match their descriptions as firearm-equipped infantry.

• Fixed the "Kızılbaş Skirmisher" and "Kızılbaş Cavalry" special units being miscategorized as heavy cavalry.

• Fixed the "Genoese Galley" advance incorrectly locked behind "Meritocracy" for Genoa, and also its upgrade path; alongside that, also fixed the "Long Fada" and "Baghlah" unique naval units missing upgrade paths.

• Fixed "Handgonners" incorrectly upgrading into "Varangians" instead of "Early Arquebusiers" for Byzantine players.

• Hobelars have been reclassified from heavy cavalry to light cavalry to better match their historical role.

• Hakkapeliitta have been reclassified from heavy cavalry to light cavalry to better match their historical role.

• Late Karambit Warriors have been reclassified from heavy infantry to light infantry to better match their historical role.

• Naft Throwers have been reclassified from heavy infantry to light infantry to better match their historical role.

• Hanseatic Cog has been moved from the light-ship category to the transport category, matching its trading-vessel description.

• Jaguar Warrior and Eagle Warrior have had their categories swapped, the macuahuitl-wielding Jaguars are now heavy infantry, and the atlatl-armed Eagles are now light infantry.

• Added new heavy-cavalry Mamluk Horsemen for the early and reformed Mamluk eras, paralleling the existing foot Mamluks.

• The Crusader and Order Knight unit families have been renamed for clarity: foot variants now display as Crusader Sergeants / Order Sergeants, and mounted variants as Crusader Knights / Order Knights

• Order Knights are no longer restricted to Livonia, they are now available to any country with the Military Order Reform, the Military Orders clergy privilege, or in the Iberian culture group.

• Reduced Influenza and Typhus immunity decay rate (monthly_resistance_reduction 0.003 -> 0.002) to fix never-ending outbreaks in dense, well-connected regions.

• Added religion restrictions to the Jerusalemite advances "Symbol of Catholicism" and "Latin Patriarch", and the Saxon advance "Fürstenschule".

• Fixed the 'Offerings' advance not being available to the whole Buddhist group.

• Fixed So clan advances being assigned to the wrong tag.

• Fixed the 'Claim to the Mandate' advance showing empty for non-Monarchy Chinese countries.

• Reworked requirements of some of the Buddhist advances, fixing some of them being blocked to certain religions.

• Reduced Korean research speed by halving the "Hall of Worthies" research modifier and lowering the maximum literacy bonuses from the "Court Poetry" and "Hangeul Alphabet" advances.

• Fixed the "True Heir of Timur" achievement potentially becoming unobtainable because the "Death of Timur" event (flavor_tim.1) could miss its monthly chance to fire.

• Activated slave trade hint and improved its text.

• Added 5 Italian Renaissance themed loading screen quotes.

• Fixed Balliol (SBL) inheriting Scotland's civil war modifiers and the 'Hostile Dunbar Castle' modifier persisting permanently after winning the Scottish Civil War.

• Balance pass on advance modifier outliers; location flavor descriptions.

• Added 3 new loading tips related to the battle of Pavia.

• Switched flat "research_speed" to percentage "research_speed_modifier" on "Royal Society", "